✏️ Editing: ssh.py Read Only

# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
# for complete details.

import binascii
import os
import re
import struct
import typing
from base64 import encodebytes as _base64_encode

from cryptography import utils
from cryptography.exceptions import UnsupportedAlgorithm
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import dsa, ec, ed25519, rsa
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import (
    Encoding,
    NoEncryption,
    PrivateFormat,
    PublicFormat,
)

try:
    from bcrypt import kdf as _bcrypt_kdf

_bcrypt_supported = True
except ImportError:
    _bcrypt_supported = False

def _bcrypt_kdf(
        password: bytes,
        salt: bytes,
        desired_key_bytes: int,
        rounds: int,
        ignore_few_rounds: bool = False,
    ) -> bytes:
        raise UnsupportedAlgorithm("Need bcrypt module")

_SSH_ED25519 = b"ssh-ed25519"
_SSH_RSA = b"ssh-rsa"
_SSH_DSA = b"ssh-dss"
_ECDSA_NISTP256 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp256"
_ECDSA_NISTP384 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp384"
_ECDSA_NISTP521 = b"ecdsa-sha2-nistp521"
_CERT_SUFFIX = b"-cert-v01@openssh.com"

_SSH_PUBKEY_RC = re.compile(br"\A(\S+)[ \t]+(\S+)")
_SK_MAGIC = b"openssh-key-v1\0"
_SK_START = b"-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
_SK_END = b"-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----"
_BCRYPT = b"bcrypt"
_NONE = b"none"
_DEFAULT_CIPHER = b"aes256-ctr"
_DEFAULT_ROUNDS = 16
_MAX_PASSWORD = 72

# re is only way to work on bytes-like data
_PEM_RC = re.compile(_SK_START + b"(.*?)" + _SK_END, re.DOTALL)

# padding for max blocksize
_PADDING = memoryview(bytearray(range(1, 1 + 16)))

# ciphers that are actually used in key wrapping
_SSH_CIPHERS = {
    b"aes256-ctr": (algorithms.AES, 32, modes.CTR, 16),
    b"aes256-cbc": (algorithms.AES, 32, modes.CBC, 16),
}

# map local curve name to key type
_ECDSA_KEY_TYPE = {
    "secp256r1": _ECDSA_NISTP256,
    "secp384r1": _ECDSA_NISTP384,
    "secp521r1": _ECDSA_NISTP521,
}

_U32 = struct.Struct(b">I")
_U64 = struct.Struct(b">Q")

def _ecdsa_key_type(public_key):
    """Return SSH key_type and curve_name for private key."""
    curve = public_key.curve
    if curve.name not in _ECDSA_KEY_TYPE:
        raise ValueError(
            "Unsupported curve for ssh private key: %r" % curve.name
        )
    return _ECDSA_KEY_TYPE[curve.name]

def _ssh_pem_encode(data, prefix=_SK_START + b"\n", suffix=_SK_END + b"\n"):
    return b"".join([prefix, _base64_encode(data), suffix])

def _check_block_size(data, block_len):
    """Require data to be full blocks"""
    if not data or len(data) % block_len != 0:
        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: missing padding")

def _check_empty(data):
    """All data should have been parsed."""
    if data:
        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: unparsed data")

def _init_cipher(ciphername, password, salt, rounds):
    """Generate key + iv and return cipher."""
    if not password:
        raise ValueError("Key is password-protected.")

algo, key_len, mode, iv_len = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername]
    seed = _bcrypt_kdf(password, salt, key_len + iv_len, rounds, True)
    return Cipher(algo(seed[:key_len]), mode(seed[key_len:]))

def _get_u32(data):
    """Uint32"""
    if len(data) < 4:
        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
    return _U32.unpack(data[:4])[0], data[4:]

def _get_u64(data):
    """Uint64"""
    if len(data) < 8:
        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
    return _U64.unpack(data[:8])[0], data[8:]

def _get_sshstr(data):
    """Bytes with u32 length prefix"""
    n, data = _get_u32(data)
    if n > len(data):
        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
    return data[:n], data[n:]

def _get_mpint(data):
    """Big integer."""
    val, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    if val and val[0] > 0x7F:
        raise ValueError("Invalid data")
    return int.from_bytes(val, "big"), data

def _to_mpint(val):
    """Storage format for signed bigint."""
    if val < 0:
        raise ValueError("negative mpint not allowed")
    if not val:
        return b""
    nbytes = (val.bit_length() + 8) // 8
    return utils.int_to_bytes(val, nbytes)

class _FragList(object):
    """Build recursive structure without data copy."""

def __init__(self, init=None):
        self.flist = []
        if init:
            self.flist.extend(init)

def put_raw(self, val):
        """Add plain bytes"""
        self.flist.append(val)

def put_u32(self, val):
        """Big-endian uint32"""
        self.flist.append(_U32.pack(val))

def put_sshstr(self, val):
        """Bytes prefixed with u32 length"""
        if isinstance(val, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray)):
            self.put_u32(len(val))
            self.flist.append(val)
        else:
            self.put_u32(val.size())
            self.flist.extend(val.flist)

def put_mpint(self, val):
        """Big-endian bigint prefixed with u32 length"""
        self.put_sshstr(_to_mpint(val))

def size(self):
        """Current number of bytes"""
        return sum(map(len, self.flist))

def render(self, dstbuf, pos=0):
        """Write into bytearray"""
        for frag in self.flist:
            flen = len(frag)
            start, pos = pos, pos + flen
            dstbuf[start:pos] = frag
        return pos

def tobytes(self):
        """Return as bytes"""
        buf = memoryview(bytearray(self.size()))
        self.render(buf)
        return buf.tobytes()

class _SSHFormatRSA(object):
    """Format for RSA keys.

Public:
        mpint e, n
    Private:
        mpint n, e, d, iqmp, p, q
    """

def get_public(self, data):
        """RSA public fields"""
        e, data = _get_mpint(data)
        n, data = _get_mpint(data)
        return (e, n), data

def load_public(self, key_type, data):
        """Make RSA public key from data."""
        (e, n), data = self.get_public(data)
        public_numbers = rsa.RSAPublicNumbers(e, n)
        public_key = public_numbers.public_key()
        return public_key, data

def load_private(self, data, pubfields):
        """Make RSA private key from data."""
        n, data = _get_mpint(data)
        e, data = _get_mpint(data)
        d, data = _get_mpint(data)
        iqmp, data = _get_mpint(data)
        p, data = _get_mpint(data)
        q, data = _get_mpint(data)

if (e, n) != pubfields:
            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: rsa field mismatch")
        dmp1 = rsa.rsa_crt_dmp1(d, p)
        dmq1 = rsa.rsa_crt_dmq1(d, q)
        public_numbers = rsa.RSAPublicNumbers(e, n)
        private_numbers = rsa.RSAPrivateNumbers(
            p, q, d, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp, public_numbers
        )
        private_key = private_numbers.private_key()
        return private_key, data

def encode_public(self, public_key, f_pub):
        """Write RSA public key"""
        pubn = public_key.public_numbers()
        f_pub.put_mpint(pubn.e)
        f_pub.put_mpint(pubn.n)

def encode_private(self, private_key, f_priv):
        """Write RSA private key"""
        private_numbers = private_key.private_numbers()
        public_numbers = private_numbers.public_numbers

f_priv.put_mpint(public_numbers.n)
        f_priv.put_mpint(public_numbers.e)

f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.d)
        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.iqmp)
        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.p)
        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.q)

class _SSHFormatDSA(object):
    """Format for DSA keys.

Public:
        mpint p, q, g, y
    Private:
        mpint p, q, g, y, x
    """

def get_public(self, data):
        """DSA public fields"""
        p, data = _get_mpint(data)
        q, data = _get_mpint(data)
        g, data = _get_mpint(data)
        y, data = _get_mpint(data)
        return (p, q, g, y), data

def load_public(self, key_type, data):
        """Make DSA public key from data."""
        (p, q, g, y), data = self.get_public(data)
        parameter_numbers = dsa.DSAParameterNumbers(p, q, g)
        public_numbers = dsa.DSAPublicNumbers(y, parameter_numbers)
        self._validate(public_numbers)
        public_key = public_numbers.public_key()
        return public_key, data

def load_private(self, data, pubfields):
        """Make DSA private key from data."""
        (p, q, g, y), data = self.get_public(data)
        x, data = _get_mpint(data)

if (p, q, g, y) != pubfields:
            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: dsa field mismatch")
        parameter_numbers = dsa.DSAParameterNumbers(p, q, g)
        public_numbers = dsa.DSAPublicNumbers(y, parameter_numbers)
        self._validate(public_numbers)
        private_numbers = dsa.DSAPrivateNumbers(x, public_numbers)
        private_key = private_numbers.private_key()
        return private_key, data

def encode_public(self, public_key, f_pub):
        """Write DSA public key"""
        public_numbers = public_key.public_numbers()
        parameter_numbers = public_numbers.parameter_numbers
        self._validate(public_numbers)

f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.p)
        f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.q)
        f_pub.put_mpint(parameter_numbers.g)
        f_pub.put_mpint(public_numbers.y)

def encode_private(self, private_key, f_priv):
        """Write DSA private key"""
        self.encode_public(private_key.public_key(), f_priv)
        f_priv.put_mpint(private_key.private_numbers().x)

def _validate(self, public_numbers):
        parameter_numbers = public_numbers.parameter_numbers
        if parameter_numbers.p.bit_length() != 1024:
            raise ValueError("SSH supports only 1024 bit DSA keys")

class _SSHFormatECDSA(object):
    """Format for ECDSA keys.

Public:
        str curve
        bytes point
    Private:
        str curve
        bytes point
        mpint secret
    """

def __init__(self, ssh_curve_name, curve):
        self.ssh_curve_name = ssh_curve_name
        self.curve = curve

def get_public(self, data):
        """ECDSA public fields"""
        curve, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        point, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        if curve != self.ssh_curve_name:
            raise ValueError("Curve name mismatch")
        if point[0] != 4:
            raise NotImplementedError("Need uncompressed point")
        return (curve, point), data

def load_public(self, key_type, data):
        """Make ECDSA public key from data."""
        (curve_name, point), data = self.get_public(data)
        public_key = ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey.from_encoded_point(
            self.curve, point.tobytes()
        )
        return public_key, data

def load_private(self, data, pubfields):
        """Make ECDSA private key from data."""
        (curve_name, point), data = self.get_public(data)
        secret, data = _get_mpint(data)

if (curve_name, point) != pubfields:
            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: ecdsa field mismatch")
        private_key = ec.derive_private_key(secret, self.curve)
        return private_key, data

def encode_public(self, public_key, f_pub):
        """Write ECDSA public key"""
        point = public_key.public_bytes(
            Encoding.X962, PublicFormat.UncompressedPoint
        )
        f_pub.put_sshstr(self.ssh_curve_name)
        f_pub.put_sshstr(point)

def encode_private(self, private_key, f_priv):
        """Write ECDSA private key"""
        public_key = private_key.public_key()
        private_numbers = private_key.private_numbers()

self.encode_public(public_key, f_priv)
        f_priv.put_mpint(private_numbers.private_value)

class _SSHFormatEd25519(object):
    """Format for Ed25519 keys.

Public:
        bytes point
    Private:
        bytes point
        bytes secret_and_point
    """

def get_public(self, data):
        """Ed25519 public fields"""
        point, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        return (point,), data

def load_public(self, key_type, data):
        """Make Ed25519 public key from data."""
        (point,), data = self.get_public(data)
        public_key = ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(
            point.tobytes()
        )
        return public_key, data

def load_private(self, data, pubfields):
        """Make Ed25519 private key from data."""
        (point,), data = self.get_public(data)
        keypair, data = _get_sshstr(data)

secret = keypair[:32]
        point2 = keypair[32:]
        if point != point2 or (point,) != pubfields:
            raise ValueError("Corrupt data: ed25519 field mismatch")
        private_key = ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.from_private_bytes(secret)
        return private_key, data

def encode_public(self, public_key, f_pub):
        """Write Ed25519 public key"""
        raw_public_key = public_key.public_bytes(
            Encoding.Raw, PublicFormat.Raw
        )
        f_pub.put_sshstr(raw_public_key)

def encode_private(self, private_key, f_priv):
        """Write Ed25519 private key"""
        public_key = private_key.public_key()
        raw_private_key = private_key.private_bytes(
            Encoding.Raw, PrivateFormat.Raw, NoEncryption()
        )
        raw_public_key = public_key.public_bytes(
            Encoding.Raw, PublicFormat.Raw
        )
        f_keypair = _FragList([raw_private_key, raw_public_key])

self.encode_public(public_key, f_priv)
        f_priv.put_sshstr(f_keypair)

_KEY_FORMATS = {
    _SSH_RSA: _SSHFormatRSA(),
    _SSH_DSA: _SSHFormatDSA(),
    _SSH_ED25519: _SSHFormatEd25519(),
    _ECDSA_NISTP256: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp256", ec.SECP256R1()),
    _ECDSA_NISTP384: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp384", ec.SECP384R1()),
    _ECDSA_NISTP521: _SSHFormatECDSA(b"nistp521", ec.SECP521R1()),
}

def _lookup_kformat(key_type):
    """Return valid format or throw error"""
    if not isinstance(key_type, bytes):
        key_type = memoryview(key_type).tobytes()
    if key_type in _KEY_FORMATS:
        return _KEY_FORMATS[key_type]
    raise UnsupportedAlgorithm("Unsupported key type: %r" % key_type)

_SSH_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES = typing.Union[
    ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
    rsa.RSAPrivateKey,
    dsa.DSAPrivateKey,
    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey,
]

def load_ssh_private_key(
    data: bytes,
    password: typing.Optional[bytes],
    backend: typing.Any = None,
) -> _SSH_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES:
    """Load private key from OpenSSH custom encoding."""
    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)
    if password is not None:
        utils._check_bytes("password", password)

m = _PEM_RC.search(data)
    if not m:
        raise ValueError("Not OpenSSH private key format")
    p1 = m.start(1)
    p2 = m.end(1)
    data = binascii.a2b_base64(memoryview(data)[p1:p2])
    if not data.startswith(_SK_MAGIC):
        raise ValueError("Not OpenSSH private key format")
    data = memoryview(data)[len(_SK_MAGIC) :]

# parse header
    ciphername, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    kdfname, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    kdfoptions, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    nkeys, data = _get_u32(data)
    if nkeys != 1:
        raise ValueError("Only one key supported")

# load public key data
    pubdata, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    pub_key_type, pubdata = _get_sshstr(pubdata)
    kformat = _lookup_kformat(pub_key_type)
    pubfields, pubdata = kformat.get_public(pubdata)
    _check_empty(pubdata)

# load secret data
    edata, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    _check_empty(data)

if (ciphername, kdfname) != (_NONE, _NONE):
        ciphername = ciphername.tobytes()
        if ciphername not in _SSH_CIPHERS:
            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm("Unsupported cipher: %r" % ciphername)
        if kdfname != _BCRYPT:
            raise UnsupportedAlgorithm("Unsupported KDF: %r" % kdfname)
        blklen = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername][3]
        _check_block_size(edata, blklen)
        salt, kbuf = _get_sshstr(kdfoptions)
        rounds, kbuf = _get_u32(kbuf)
        _check_empty(kbuf)
        ciph = _init_cipher(ciphername, password, salt.tobytes(), rounds)
        edata = memoryview(ciph.decryptor().update(edata))
    else:
        blklen = 8
        _check_block_size(edata, blklen)
    ck1, edata = _get_u32(edata)
    ck2, edata = _get_u32(edata)
    if ck1 != ck2:
        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: broken checksum")

# load per-key struct
    key_type, edata = _get_sshstr(edata)
    if key_type != pub_key_type:
        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: key type mismatch")
    private_key, edata = kformat.load_private(edata, pubfields)
    comment, edata = _get_sshstr(edata)

# yes, SSH does padding check *after* all other parsing is done.
    # need to follow as it writes zero-byte padding too.
    if edata != _PADDING[: len(edata)]:
        raise ValueError("Corrupt data: invalid padding")

return private_key

def serialize_ssh_private_key(
    private_key: _SSH_PRIVATE_KEY_TYPES,
    password: typing.Optional[bytes] = None,
) -> bytes:
    """Serialize private key with OpenSSH custom encoding."""
    if password is not None:
        utils._check_bytes("password", password)
    if password and len(password) > _MAX_PASSWORD:
        raise ValueError(
            "Passwords longer than 72 bytes are not supported by "
            "OpenSSH private key format"
        )

if isinstance(private_key, ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey):
        key_type = _ecdsa_key_type(private_key.public_key())
    elif isinstance(private_key, rsa.RSAPrivateKey):
        key_type = _SSH_RSA
    elif isinstance(private_key, dsa.DSAPrivateKey):
        key_type = _SSH_DSA
    elif isinstance(private_key, ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey):
        key_type = _SSH_ED25519
    else:
        raise ValueError("Unsupported key type")
    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)

# setup parameters
    f_kdfoptions = _FragList()
    if password:
        ciphername = _DEFAULT_CIPHER
        blklen = _SSH_CIPHERS[ciphername][3]
        kdfname = _BCRYPT
        rounds = _DEFAULT_ROUNDS
        salt = os.urandom(16)
        f_kdfoptions.put_sshstr(salt)
        f_kdfoptions.put_u32(rounds)
        ciph = _init_cipher(ciphername, password, salt, rounds)
    else:
        ciphername = kdfname = _NONE
        blklen = 8
        ciph = None
    nkeys = 1
    checkval = os.urandom(4)
    comment = b""

# encode public and private parts together
    f_public_key = _FragList()
    f_public_key.put_sshstr(key_type)
    kformat.encode_public(private_key.public_key(), f_public_key)

f_secrets = _FragList([checkval, checkval])
    f_secrets.put_sshstr(key_type)
    kformat.encode_private(private_key, f_secrets)
    f_secrets.put_sshstr(comment)
    f_secrets.put_raw(_PADDING[: blklen - (f_secrets.size() % blklen)])

# top-level structure
    f_main = _FragList()
    f_main.put_raw(_SK_MAGIC)
    f_main.put_sshstr(ciphername)
    f_main.put_sshstr(kdfname)
    f_main.put_sshstr(f_kdfoptions)
    f_main.put_u32(nkeys)
    f_main.put_sshstr(f_public_key)
    f_main.put_sshstr(f_secrets)

# copy result info bytearray
    slen = f_secrets.size()
    mlen = f_main.size()
    buf = memoryview(bytearray(mlen + blklen))
    f_main.render(buf)
    ofs = mlen - slen

# encrypt in-place
    if ciph is not None:
        ciph.encryptor().update_into(buf[ofs:mlen], buf[ofs:])

txt = _ssh_pem_encode(buf[:mlen])
    # Ignore the following type because mypy wants
    # Sequence[bytes] but what we're passing is fine.
    # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/9999
    buf[ofs:mlen] = bytearray(slen)  # type: ignore
    return txt

_SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES = typing.Union[
    ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey,
    rsa.RSAPublicKey,
    dsa.DSAPublicKey,
    ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey,
]

def load_ssh_public_key(
    data: bytes, backend: typing.Any = None
) -> _SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES:
    """Load public key from OpenSSH one-line format."""
    utils._check_byteslike("data", data)

m = _SSH_PUBKEY_RC.match(data)
    if not m:
        raise ValueError("Invalid line format")
    key_type = orig_key_type = m.group(1)
    key_body = m.group(2)
    with_cert = False
    if _CERT_SUFFIX == key_type[-len(_CERT_SUFFIX) :]:
        with_cert = True
        key_type = key_type[: -len(_CERT_SUFFIX)]
    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)

try:
        data = memoryview(binascii.a2b_base64(key_body))
    except (TypeError, binascii.Error):
        raise ValueError("Invalid key format")

inner_key_type, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    if inner_key_type != orig_key_type:
        raise ValueError("Invalid key format")
    if with_cert:
        nonce, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    public_key, data = kformat.load_public(key_type, data)
    if with_cert:
        serial, data = _get_u64(data)
        cctype, data = _get_u32(data)
        key_id, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        principals, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        valid_after, data = _get_u64(data)
        valid_before, data = _get_u64(data)
        crit_options, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        extensions, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        reserved, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        sig_key, data = _get_sshstr(data)
        signature, data = _get_sshstr(data)
    _check_empty(data)
    return public_key

def serialize_ssh_public_key(public_key: _SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_TYPES) -> bytes:
    """One-line public key format for OpenSSH"""
    if isinstance(public_key, ec.EllipticCurvePublicKey):
        key_type = _ecdsa_key_type(public_key)
    elif isinstance(public_key, rsa.RSAPublicKey):
        key_type = _SSH_RSA
    elif isinstance(public_key, dsa.DSAPublicKey):
        key_type = _SSH_DSA
    elif isinstance(public_key, ed25519.Ed25519PublicKey):
        key_type = _SSH_ED25519
    else:
        raise ValueError("Unsupported key type")
    kformat = _lookup_kformat(key_type)

f_pub = _FragList()
    f_pub.put_sshstr(key_type)
    kformat.encode_public(public_key, f_pub)

pub = binascii.b2a_base64(f_pub.tobytes()).strip()
    return b"".join([key_type, b" ", pub])

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