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Masked arrays add-ons.
A collection of utilities for `numpy.ma`.
:author: Pierre Gerard-Marchant
:contact: pierregm_at_uga_dot_edu
:version: $Id: extras.py 3473 2007-10-29 15:18:13Z jarrod.millman $
).apply_along_axisapply_over_axes
atleast_1d
atleast_2d
atleast_3daverage clump_maskedclump_unmasked column_stack
compress_cols compress_ndcompress_rowcols
compress_rows count_maskedcorrcoefcovdiagflatdotdstackediff1dflatnotmasked_contiguousflatnotmasked_edgeshsplithstackisinin1d intersect1d mask_cols mask_rowcols mask_rows
masked_allmasked_all_likemedianmr_ ndenumeratenotmasked_contiguousnotmasked_edgespolyfit row_stack setdiff1dsetxor1dstackuniqueunion1dvandervstack N )core) MaskedArrayMAErroraddarrayasarray concatenatefilledcountgetmask getmaskarraymake_mask_descrmasked masked_arraymask_ornomaskonessortzerosgetdataget_masked_subclassr )ndarrayr6 )normalize_axis_index)normalize_axis_tuple)_ureduce)AxisConcatenatorc F t | t t t f S )z6
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Count the number of masked elements along the given axis.
Parameters
----------
arr : array_like
An array with (possibly) masked elements.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to count. If None (default), a flattened
version of the array is used.
Returns
-------
count : int, ndarray
The total number of masked elements (axis=None) or the number
of masked elements along each slice of the given axis.
See Also
--------
MaskedArray.count : Count non-masked elements.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> a = np.arange(9).reshape((3,3))
>>> a = ma.array(a)
>>> a[1, 0] = ma.masked
>>> a[1, 2] = ma.masked
>>> a[2, 1] = ma.masked
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[0, 1, 2],
[--, 4, --],
[6, --, 8]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[ True, False, True],
[False, True, False]],
fill_value=999999)
>>> ma.count_masked(a)
3
When the `axis` keyword is used an array is returned.
>>> ma.count_masked(a, axis=0)
array([1, 1, 1])
>>> ma.count_masked(a, axis=1)
array([0, 2, 1])
)r< sum)arraxisms rQ r r 1 s" d SA 55;;rS c t t j | | t j | t | }|S )aC
Empty masked array with all elements masked.
Return an empty masked array of the given shape and dtype, where all the
data are masked.
Parameters
----------
shape : int or tuple of ints
Shape of the required MaskedArray, e.g., ``(2, 3)`` or ``2``.
dtype : dtype, optional
Data type of the output.
Returns
-------
a : MaskedArray
A masked array with all data masked.
See Also
--------
masked_all_like : Empty masked array modelled on an existing array.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> ma.masked_all((3, 3))
masked_array(
data=[[--, --, --],
[--, --, --],
[--, --, --]],
mask=[[ True, True, True],
[ True, True, True],
[ True, True, True]],
fill_value=1e+20,
dtype=float64)
The `dtype` parameter defines the underlying data type.
>>> a = ma.masked_all((3, 3))
>>> a.dtype
dtype('float64')
>>> a = ma.masked_all((3, 3), dtype=np.int32)
>>> a.dtype
dtype('int32')
mask)r? npemptyrB r= )shapedtypeas rQ r r g sF ^ RXeU++ '% )?)?@@ B B BA HrS c t j | t }t j |j t
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Empty masked array with the properties of an existing array.
Return an empty masked array of the same shape and dtype as
the array `arr`, where all the data are masked.
Parameters
----------
arr : ndarray
An array describing the shape and dtype of the required MaskedArray.
Returns
-------
a : MaskedArray
A masked array with all data masked.
Raises
------
AttributeError
If `arr` doesn't have a shape attribute (i.e. not an ndarray)
See Also
--------
masked_all : Empty masked array with all elements masked.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> arr = np.zeros((2, 3), dtype=np.float32)
>>> arr
array([[0., 0., 0.],
[0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)
>>> ma.masked_all_like(arr)
masked_array(
data=[[--, --, --],
[--, --, --]],
mask=[[ True, True, True],
[ True, True, True]],
fill_value=1e+20,
dtype=float32)
The dtype of the masked array matches the dtype of `arr`.
>>> arr.dtype
dtype('float32')
>>> ma.masked_all_like(arr).dtype
dtype('float32')
r_ ) r\
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Defines a wrapper to adapt NumPy functions to masked arrays.
An instance of `_fromnxfunction` can be called with the same parameters
as the wrapped NumPy function. The docstring of `newfunc` is adapted from
the wrapped function as well, see `getdoc`.
This class should not be used directly. Instead, one of its extensions that
provides support for a specific type of input should be used.
Parameters
----------
funcname : str
The name of the function to be adapted. The function should be
in the NumPy namespace (i.e. ``np.funcname``).
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Retrieve the docstring and signature from the function.
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the new masked array version of the function. A note on application
of the function to the mask is appended.
Parameters
----------
None
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are passed through verbatim for the data and mask calls. Arrays
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EE'3 &U188:: . ./A$AAA&AAC9>> a = np.ma.arange(24).reshape(2,3,4)
>>> a[:,0,1] = np.ma.masked
>>> a[:,1,:] = np.ma.masked
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[[0, --, 2, 3],
[--, --, --, --],
[8, 9, 10, 11]],
[[12, --, 14, 15],
[--, --, --, --],
[20, 21, 22, 23]]],
mask=[[[False, True, False, False],
[ True, True, True, True],
[False, False, False, False]],
[[False, True, False, False],
[ True, True, True, True],
[False, False, False, False]]],
fill_value=999999)
>>> np.ma.apply_over_axes(np.ma.sum, a, [0,2])
masked_array(
data=[[[46],
[--],
[124]]],
mask=[[[False],
[ True],
[False]]],
fill_value=999999)
Tuple axis arguments to ufuncs are equivalent:
>>> np.ma.sum(a, axis=(0,2)).reshape((1,-1,1))
masked_array(
data=[[[46],
[--],
[124]]],
mask=[[[False],
[ True],
[False]]],
fill_value=999999)
F)keepdimsc v t | } t | }|t j u ri }nd|i}|= | j |fi |}|j | | }nt | } t | j j t j t j
f r!t j | j | j d }
n t j | j | j }
| j | j k r|t d | j dk rt d | j d | j | k rt d t j | | j dz
d z | j z d
} | d | } |t$ ur | | j z } | xj | j z c_ | j d||
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Return the weighted average of array over the given axis.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
Data to be averaged.
Masked entries are not taken into account in the computation.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to average `a`. If None, averaging is done over
the flattened array.
weights : array_like, optional
The importance that each element has in the computation of the average.
The weights array can either be 1-D (in which case its length must be
the size of `a` along the given axis) or of the same shape as `a`.
If ``weights=None``, then all data in `a` are assumed to have a
weight equal to one. The 1-D calculation is::
avg = sum(a * weights) / sum(weights)
The only constraint on `weights` is that `sum(weights)` must not be 0.
returned : bool, optional
Flag indicating whether a tuple ``(result, sum of weights)``
should be returned as output (True), or just the result (False).
Default is False.
keepdims : bool, optional
If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
the result will broadcast correctly against the original `a`.
*Note:* `keepdims` will not work with instances of `numpy.matrix`
or other classes whose methods do not support `keepdims`.
.. versionadded:: 1.23.0
Returns
-------
average, [sum_of_weights] : (tuple of) scalar or MaskedArray
The average along the specified axis. When returned is `True`,
return a tuple with the average as the first element and the sum
of the weights as the second element. The return type is `np.float64`
if `a` is of integer type and floats smaller than `float64`, or the
input data-type, otherwise. If returned, `sum_of_weights` is always
`float64`.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.array([1., 2., 3., 4.], mask=[False, False, True, True])
>>> np.ma.average(a, weights=[3, 1, 0, 0])
1.25
>>> x = np.ma.arange(6.).reshape(3, 2)
>>> x
masked_array(
data=[[0., 1.],
[2., 3.],
[4., 5.]],
mask=False,
fill_value=1e+20)
>>> avg, sumweights = np.ma.average(x, axis=0, weights=[1, 2, 3],
... returned=True)
>>> avg
masked_array(data=[2.6666666666666665, 3.6666666666666665],
mask=[False, False],
fill_value=1e+20)
With ``keepdims=True``, the following result has shape (3, 1).
>>> np.ma.average(x, axis=1, keepdims=True)
masked_array(
data=[[0.5],
[2.5],
[4.5]],
mask=False,
fill_value=1e+20)
r Nf8z;Axis must be specified when shapes of a and weights differ.r1 z81D weights expected when shapes of a and weights differ.r0 z5Length of weights not compatible with specified axis.)r1 Tr r )rW r_ rb rz )r7 r; r\ _NoValuemeanr_ typer:
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rS c t | d s`t j t | d |||| }t |t j r d|j k rt |d S |S t | t |||| S ) a>
Compute the median along the specified axis.
Returns the median of the array elements.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
Input array or object that can be converted to an array.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which the medians are computed. The default (None) is
to compute the median along a flattened version of the array.
out : ndarray, optional
Alternative output array in which to place the result. It must
have the same shape and buffer length as the expected output
but the type will be cast if necessary.
overwrite_input : bool, optional
If True, then allow use of memory of input array (a) for
calculations. The input array will be modified by the call to
median. This will save memory when you do not need to preserve
the contents of the input array. Treat the input as undefined,
but it will probably be fully or partially sorted. Default is
False. Note that, if `overwrite_input` is True, and the input
is not already an `ndarray`, an error will be raised.
keepdims : bool, optional
If this is set to True, the axes which are reduced are left
in the result as dimensions with size one. With this option,
the result will broadcast correctly against the input array.
.. versionadded:: 1.10.0
Returns
-------
median : ndarray
A new array holding the result is returned unless out is
specified, in which case a reference to out is returned.
Return data-type is `float64` for integers and floats smaller than
`float64`, or the input data-type, otherwise.
See Also
--------
mean
Notes
-----
Given a vector ``V`` with ``N`` non masked values, the median of ``V``
is the middle value of a sorted copy of ``V`` (``Vs``) - i.e.
``Vs[(N-1)/2]``, when ``N`` is odd, or ``{Vs[N/2 - 1] + Vs[N/2]}/2``
when ``N`` is even.
Examples
--------
>>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(8), mask=[0]*4 + [1]*4)
>>> np.ma.median(x)
1.5
>>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(10).reshape(2, 5), mask=[0]*6 + [1]*4)
>>> np.ma.median(x)
2.5
>>> np.ma.median(x, axis=-1, overwrite_input=True)
masked_array(data=[2.0, 5.0],
mask=[False, False],
fill_value=1e+20)
r[ Tr )rW outoverwrite_inputr r1 Fr )r r rW r r )
r r\ r" rE rM rG r r? rJ _median)r` rW r r r rX s rQ r" r" s D 1f Igat,,,4 '
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Suppress the rows and/or columns of a 2-D array that contain
masked values.
The suppression behavior is selected with the `axis` parameter.
- If axis is None, both rows and columns are suppressed.
- If axis is 0, only rows are suppressed.
- If axis is 1 or -1, only columns are suppressed.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like, MaskedArray
The array to operate on. If not a MaskedArray instance (or if no array
elements are masked), `x` is interpreted as a MaskedArray with
`mask` set to `nomask`. Must be a 2D array.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to perform the operation. Default is None.
Returns
-------
compressed_array : ndarray
The compressed array.
Examples
--------
>>> x = np.ma.array(np.arange(9).reshape(3, 3), mask=[[1, 0, 0],
... [1, 0, 0],
... [0, 0, 0]])
>>> x
masked_array(
data=[[--, 1, 2],
[--, 4, 5],
[6, 7, 8]],
mask=[[ True, False, False],
[ True, False, False],
[False, False, False]],
fill_value=999999)
>>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x)
array([[7, 8]])
>>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x, 0)
array([[6, 7, 8]])
>>> np.ma.compress_rowcols(x, 1)
array([[1, 2],
[4, 5],
[7, 8]])
r z*compress_rowcols works for 2D arrays only.r )r7 r NotImplementedErrorr )r rW s rQ r
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b s: d qzz!!"NOOO qt $ $ $$rS c t t | } | j dk rt d t | d S )z
Suppress whole rows of a 2-D array that contain masked values.
This is equivalent to ``np.ma.compress_rowcols(a, 0)``, see
`compress_rowcols` for details.
See Also
--------
compress_rowcols
r z'compress_rows works for 2D arrays only.r0 r7 r r r
r` s rQ r r 9
Av{{!"KLLL Aq ! !!rS c t t | } | j dk rt d t | d S )z
Suppress whole columns of a 2-D array that contain masked values.
This is equivalent to ``np.ma.compress_rowcols(a, 1)``, see
`compress_rowcols` for details.
See Also
--------
compress_rowcols
r z'compress_cols works for 2D arrays only.r1 r r s rQ r r r rS c t | d } | j dk rt d t | }|t u s| s| S | }| j | _ |s"t | t j |d < |dv r&t | ddt j |d f< | S ) a
Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array that contain masked values.
Mask whole rows and/or columns of a 2D array that contain
masked values. The masking behavior is selected using the
`axis` parameter.
- If `axis` is None, rows *and* columns are masked.
- If `axis` is 0, only rows are masked.
- If `axis` is 1 or -1, only columns are masked.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like, MaskedArray
The array to mask. If not a MaskedArray instance (or if no array
elements are masked), the result is a MaskedArray with `mask` set
to `nomask` (False). Must be a 2D array.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to perform the operation. If None, applies to a
flattened version of the array.
Returns
-------
a : MaskedArray
A modified version of the input array, masked depending on the value
of the `axis` parameter.
Raises
------
NotImplementedError
If input array `a` is not 2D.
See Also
--------
mask_rows : Mask rows of a 2D array that contain masked values.
mask_cols : Mask cols of a 2D array that contain masked values.
masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
Notes
-----
The input array's mask is modified by this function.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
>>> a[1, 1] = 1
>>> a
array([[0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0]])
>>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[0, 0, 0],
[0, --, 0],
[0, 0, 0]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[False, True, False],
[False, False, False]],
fill_value=1)
>>> ma.mask_rowcols(a)
masked_array(
data=[[0, --, 0],
[--, --, --],
[0, --, 0]],
mask=[[False, True, False],
[ True, True, True],
[False, True, False]],
fill_value=1)
Fr r z&mask_rowcols works for 2D arrays only.r0 )Nr1 r Nr1 ) r6 r r r; rA r nonzerore r r> r\ r, )r` rW rX maskedvals rQ r r s R au Av{{!"JKKK
AF{{!%%''{ IgllnnAG ,%+")IaL
!
!" } (.!!!RYy|
$
$
$% HrS c v |t j ur t j dt d t | d S )a
Mask rows of a 2D array that contain masked values.
This function is a shortcut to ``mask_rowcols`` with `axis` equal to 0.
See Also
--------
mask_rowcols : Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array.
masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
>>> a[1, 1] = 1
>>> a
array([[0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0]])
>>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[0, 0, 0],
[0, --, 0],
[0, 0, 0]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[False, True, False],
[False, False, False]],
fill_value=1)
>>> ma.mask_rows(a)
masked_array(
data=[[0, 0, 0],
[--, --, --],
[0, 0, 0]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[ True, True, True],
[False, False, False]],
fill_value=1)
TThe axis argument has always been ignored, in future passing it will raise TypeErrorr
stacklevelr0 r\ r warningswarnDeprecationWarningr r` rW s rQ r r sM T 2;
#$61 F F F F 1 rS c v |t j ur t j dt d t | d S )a
Mask columns of a 2D array that contain masked values.
This function is a shortcut to ``mask_rowcols`` with `axis` equal to 1.
See Also
--------
mask_rowcols : Mask rows and/or columns of a 2D array.
masked_where : Mask where a condition is met.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> a = np.zeros((3, 3), dtype=int)
>>> a[1, 1] = 1
>>> a
array([[0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0]])
>>> a = ma.masked_equal(a, 1)
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[0, 0, 0],
[0, --, 0],
[0, 0, 0]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[False, True, False],
[False, False, False]],
fill_value=1)
>>> ma.mask_cols(a)
masked_array(
data=[[0, --, 0],
[0, --, 0],
[0, --, 0]],
mask=[[False, True, False],
[False, True, False],
[False, True, False]],
fill_value=1)
r r r r1 r r" s rQ r r I sM R 2;
#$61 F F F F 1 rS c
t j | j } | dd | dd z
}|g}|| d| || | t | dk rt
| }|S )a!
Compute the differences between consecutive elements of an array.
This function is the equivalent of `numpy.ediff1d` that takes masked
values into account, see `numpy.ediff1d` for details.
See Also
--------
numpy.ediff1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
r1 Nr r0 )rr
asanyarrayflatinsertr r r )rV to_endto_beginedr s rQ r r s
-
!C QRR3ss8 BTF
a"""
f
6{{a F^^
IrS c t j | || }t |t rBt | }|d t |d< t | }n| t }|S )a.
Finds the unique elements of an array.
Masked values are considered the same element (masked). The output array
is always a masked array. See `numpy.unique` for more details.
See Also
--------
numpy.unique : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.ma as ma
>>> a = [1, 2, 1000, 2, 3]
>>> mask = [0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
>>> masked_a = ma.masked_array(a, mask)
>>> masked_a
masked_array(data=[1, 2, --, 2, 3],
mask=[False, False, True, False, False],
fill_value=999999)
>>> ma.unique(masked_a)
masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
mask=[False, False, False, True],
fill_value=999999)
>>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_index=True)
(masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
mask=[False, False, False, True],
fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 4, 2]))
>>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_inverse=True)
(masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
mask=[False, False, False, True],
fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 3, 1, 2]))
>>> ma.unique(masked_a, return_index=True, return_inverse=True)
(masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, --],
mask=[False, False, False, True],
fill_value=999999), array([0, 1, 4, 2]), array([0, 1, 3, 1, 2]))
) return_indexreturn_inverser0 )r\ r, rM rN rO rd r3 )ar1r, r- outputs rQ r, r, s~ L Ys$0&46 6 6F &% *f 1INN;//q v [)) MrS c |rt j | |f }n0t j t | t | f }| |dd |dd |dd k S )a>
Returns the unique elements common to both arrays.
Masked values are considered equal one to the other.
The output is always a masked array.
See `numpy.intersect1d` for more details.
See Also
--------
numpy.intersect1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Examples
--------
>>> x = np.ma.array([1, 3, 3, 3], mask=[0, 0, 0, 1])
>>> y = np.ma.array([3, 1, 1, 1], mask=[0, 0, 0, 1])
>>> np.ma.intersect1d(x, y)
masked_array(data=[1, 3, --],
mask=[False, False, True],
fill_value=999999)
Nr r1 )rr r8 r, rC )r. ar2
assume_uniqueauxs rQ r r sx . 9nc3Z(( nfSkk6#;; 788HHJJJ ss8CGs3B3x' ((rS c n |s t | } t | }t j | |f }|j dk r|S | | }t j dg|dd |dd k dgf }|dd |dd k }|| S )z
Set exclusive-or of 1-D arrays with unique elements.
The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.setxor1d` for more details.
See Also
--------
numpy.setxor1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
r0 Tr1 Nr )r, rr r8 r rC r9 )r. r1 r2 r3 auxfflagflag2s rQ r* r* s SkkSkk
.#s
$
$C
x1}}
HHJJJ ::<D6DHSbS $9TFC D DD
!""Xcrc
"E u:rS c |s#t | d \ } }t | }t j | |f }| d }|| }|r|dd |dd k }n|dd |dd k }t j ||gf } | d dt | }
|r| |
S | |
| S )a
Test whether each element of an array is also present in a second
array.
The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.in1d` for more details.
We recommend using :func:`isin` instead of `in1d` for new code.
See Also
--------
isin : Version of this function that preserves the shape of ar1.
numpy.in1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
T)r- mergesort)kindr1 Nr )r, rr r8 argsortr ) r. r1 r2 invertrev_idxarordersarbool_arr6 indxs rQ r r s & c$777 WSkk c
# #B
JJKJ ( (E
U)C
(qrr7c#2#h&qrr7c#2#h&
>7VH- . .D ==k= * *9CHH9 5D #DzDz'""rS c t j | } t | ||| | j S )a|
Calculates `element in test_elements`, broadcasting over
`element` only.
The output is always a masked array of the same shape as `element`.
See `numpy.isin` for more details.
See Also
--------
in1d : Flattened version of this function.
numpy.isin : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.13.0
r2 r< )rr r7 r reshaper^ )element
test_elementsr2 r< s rQ r r 3 sB $ j!!G m &ww} 5 56rS c L t t j | |fd S )z
Union of two arrays.
The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.union1d` for more details.
See Also
--------
numpy.union1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Nr )r, rr r8 )r. r1 s rQ r- r- J s% ".#s$777 8 88rS c |r't j | } n t | } t | }| t | |dd S )a
Set difference of 1D arrays with unique elements.
The output is always a masked array. See `numpy.setdiff1d` for more
details.
See Also
--------
numpy.setdiff1d : Equivalent function for ndarrays.
Examples
--------
>>> x = np.ma.array([1, 2, 3, 4], mask=[0, 1, 0, 1])
>>> np.ma.setdiff1d(x, [1, 2])
masked_array(data=[3, --],
mask=[False, True],
fill_value=999999)
TrD )rr r7 r r, r )r. r1 r2 s rQ r) r) X sY ( joo##%%SkkSkk tCD>>> ??rS Tc F t j | ddt } t j | }|s#| rt d | j d dk rd}t t | }d|z
}|rt d df}ndt d f}|.t j | t }n t |ddt }t j | }|s#| rt d | s| rN|j | j k r>t j
|| } | t ur | x}x| _ x|_ }d| _ d|_ t j | |f| } t j t j ||f| t }| | |
| z } | ||fS ) z_
Private function for the computation of covariance and correlation
coefficients.
r T)ndminr r_ zCannot process masked data.r0 r1 NF)r rK r_ r )rr r6 floatr< r r r^ intboolr r\ logical_notastype
logical_orrA re _sharedmaskr8 r )
r yrowvar allow_maskedxmaskrW tupxnotmaskymask common_masks
rQ
_covhelperr[ y s !$e444A OA E 8EIIKK 86777wqzQ
f
F v:D
"T{{D!U4[[!y>%((//44 !%q 6 6 6"" < < :;; ; 99;; *%))++ *w!'!! mE5 9 9 f,,8CCECAGCag$)AM$)AM NAq64 ( (>".% "F"FGGNNsSSV S !!A
x rS c
|"|t | k rt d ||rd}nd}t | ||| \ } }}|s_t j |j | dz |z
}t | j | d |z }n^t j ||j dz |z
}t | | j d |z }|S )aK
Estimate the covariance matrix.
Except for the handling of missing data this function does the same as
`numpy.cov`. For more details and examples, see `numpy.cov`.
By default, masked values are recognized as such. If `x` and `y` have the
same shape, a common mask is allocated: if ``x[i,j]`` is masked, then
``y[i,j]`` will also be masked.
Setting `allow_masked` to False will raise an exception if values are
missing in either of the input arrays.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
Each row of `x` represents a variable, and each column a single
observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
y : array_like, optional
An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same
shape as `x`.
rowvar : bool, optional
If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
contain observations.
bias : bool, optional
Default normalization (False) is by ``(N-1)``, where ``N`` is the
number of observations given (unbiased estimate). If `bias` is True,
then normalization is by ``N``. This keyword can be overridden by
the keyword ``ddof`` in numpy versions >= 1.5.
allow_masked : bool, optional
If True, masked values are propagated pair-wise: if a value is masked
in `x`, the corresponding value is masked in `y`.
If False, raises a `ValueError` exception when some values are missing.
ddof : {None, int}, optional
If not ``None`` normalization is by ``(N - ddof)``, where ``N`` is
the number of observations; this overrides the value implied by
``bias``. The default value is ``None``.
.. versionadded:: 1.5
Raises
------
ValueError
Raised if some values are missing and `allow_masked` is False.
See Also
--------
numpy.cov
Nzddof must be an integerr0 r1 ?Fstrict)rM r r[ r\ r Tconjsqueeze) r rS rT biasrU ddofrX factr s rQ r r s l DCII - -2333 | DDD &q!V\ B BQ& Evhj(++b047ac16688E222T9BBDDvh
++b047aE222T9BBDD MrS c
d}|t j us|t j ur t j |t d t | ||| \ } }}|s\t j |j | dz }t
| j | d |z } n[t j ||j dz }t
| | j d |z } t j | }
n# t $ r Y dS w xY w|
r4t j t j |
|
} n}t# |
} d| _ | j d|z
} |rt) | dz
D ]}
t) |
dz | D ]}}t+ t- | |
| | f d }t j t j | x| |
|f< | ||
f< ~nt) | dz
D ]}
t) |
dz | D ]}t+ t- | d d |
f | d d |f f d }t j t j | x| |
|f< | ||
f< | | z S )
a6
Return Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients.
Except for the handling of missing data this function does the same as
`numpy.corrcoef`. For more details and examples, see `numpy.corrcoef`.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
A 1-D or 2-D array containing multiple variables and observations.
Each row of `x` represents a variable, and each column a single
observation of all those variables. Also see `rowvar` below.
y : array_like, optional
An additional set of variables and observations. `y` has the same
shape as `x`.
rowvar : bool, optional
If `rowvar` is True (default), then each row represents a
variable, with observations in the columns. Otherwise, the relationship
is transposed: each column represents a variable, while the rows
contain observations.
bias : _NoValue, optional
Has no effect, do not use.
.. deprecated:: 1.10.0
allow_masked : bool, optional
If True, masked values are propagated pair-wise: if a value is masked
in `x`, the corresponding value is masked in `y`.
If False, raises an exception. Because `bias` is deprecated, this
argument needs to be treated as keyword only to avoid a warning.
ddof : _NoValue, optional
Has no effect, do not use.
.. deprecated:: 1.10.0
See Also
--------
numpy.corrcoef : Equivalent function in top-level NumPy module.
cov : Estimate the covariance matrix.
Notes
-----
This function accepts but discards arguments `bias` and `ddof`. This is
for backwards compatibility with previous versions of this function. These
arguments had no effect on the return values of the function and can be
safely ignored in this and previous versions of numpy.
z/bias and ddof have no effect and are deprecatedr r r] Fr^ r1 r N)r\ r r r r! r[ r r` ra rb rr diagonalr r sqrtr outerr rR r^ r r r/ varreduce)r rS rT rc rU rd msgrX re cdiag_denomr r r _xs rQ r r s ` >> np.ma.mr_[np.ma.array([1,2,3]), 0, 0, np.ma.array([4,5,6])]
masked_array(data=[1, 2, 3, ..., 4, 5, 6],
mask=False,
fill_value=999999)
c < t | d d S )Nr0 )rr ro )rm s rQ ro zmr_class.__init__w s ""4+++++rS N)rj r~ r rl ro rz rS rQ r r e s- ", , , , ,rS r c # K t t j | t | j D ] \ }}|s|V |s|d t
fV dS )a
Multidimensional index iterator.
Return an iterator yielding pairs of array coordinates and values,
skipping elements that are masked. With `compressed=False`,
`ma.masked` is yielded as the value of masked elements. This
behavior differs from that of `numpy.ndenumerate`, which yields the
value of the underlying data array.
Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.23.0
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
An array with (possibly) masked elements.
compressed : bool, optional
If True (default), masked elements are skipped.
See Also
--------
numpy.ndenumerate : Equivalent function ignoring any mask.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
>>> a[1, 0] = np.ma.masked
>>> a[1, 2] = np.ma.masked
>>> a[2, 1] = np.ma.masked
>>> a
masked_array(
data=[[0, 1, 2],
[--, 4, --],
[6, --, 8]],
mask=[[False, False, False],
[ True, False, True],
[False, True, False]],
fill_value=999999)
>>> for index, x in np.ma.ndenumerate(a):
... print(index, x)
(0, 0) 0
(0, 1) 1
(0, 2) 2
(1, 1) 4
(2, 0) 6
(2, 2) 8
>>> for index, x in np.ma.ndenumerate(a, compressed=False):
... print(index, x)
(0, 0) 0
(0, 1) 1
(0, 2) 2
(1, 0) --
(1, 1) 4
(1, 2) --
(2, 0) 6
(2, 1) --
(2, 2) 8
r0 N)zipr\ r$ r< r& r> )r`
compresseditr[ s rQ r$ r$ ss z q))<??+?@@ D HHHH Q%- rS c t | }|t u st j | s t j d| j dz
g S t j | }t | dk r
|ddg S dS )a
Find the indices of the first and last unmasked values.
Expects a 1-D `MaskedArray`, returns None if all values are masked.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
Input 1-D `MaskedArray`
Returns
-------
edges : ndarray or None
The indices of first and last non-masked value in the array.
Returns None if all values are masked.
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
clump_masked, clump_unmasked
Notes
-----
Only accepts 1-D arrays.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.arange(10)
>>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a)
array([0, 9])
>>> mask = (a < 3) | (a > 8) | (a == 5)
>>> a[mask] = np.ma.masked
>>> np.array(a[~a.mask])
array([3, 4, 6, 7, 8])
>>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a)
array([3, 8])
>>> a[:] = np.ma.masked
>>> print(np.ma.flatnotmasked_edges(a))
None
r0 r1 r N)r; rA r\ r r6 r flatnonzeror )r` rX unmaskeds rQ r r su Z
AF{{"&)){xAFQJ(((~qb!!H
8}}qB trS c t | } | j dk rt | S t | }t t j | j t j |g| j z t fdt | j D t fdt | j D gS )a_
Find the indices of the first and last unmasked values along an axis.
If all values are masked, return None. Otherwise, return a list
of two tuples, corresponding to the indices of the first and last
unmasked values respectively.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
The input array.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to perform the operation.
If None (default), applies to a flattened version of the array.
Returns
-------
edges : ndarray or list
An array of start and end indexes if there are any masked data in
the array. If there are no masked data in the array, `edges` is a
list of the first and last index.
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_contiguous, flatnotmasked_edges, notmasked_contiguous
clump_masked, clump_unmasked
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
>>> m = np.zeros_like(a)
>>> m[1:, 1:] = 1
>>> am = np.ma.array(a, mask=m)
>>> np.array(am[~am.mask])
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 6])
>>> np.ma.notmasked_edges(am)
array([0, 6])
Nr1 rZ c j g | ]/}| 0S rz )minr r r rW r s rQ r z#notmasked_edges..+ 5 HHHQ3q6::d##..00HHHrS c j g | ]/}| 0S rz )r r r s rQ r z#notmasked_edges.., r rS )
r7 r r r< r6 r\ indicesr^ rN r )r` rW rX r s ` @rQ r& r& s T
A |qv{{"1%%%QA
17##"*aS16\*B*B
C
C
CC HHHHH%--HHH I I HHHHH%--HHH I I M MrS c T t | }|t u rt d| j gS d}g }t j | D ]N\ }}t t | }|s&| t |||z ||z
}O|S )a
Find contiguous unmasked data in a masked array.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
The input array.
Returns
-------
slice_list : list
A sorted sequence of `slice` objects (start index, end index).
.. versionchanged:: 1.15.0
Now returns an empty list instead of None for a fully masked array
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_edges, notmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
clump_masked, clump_unmasked
Notes
-----
Only accepts 2-D arrays at most.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.arange(10)
>>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
[slice(0, 10, None)]
>>> mask = (a < 3) | (a > 8) | (a == 5)
>>> a[mask] = np.ma.masked
>>> np.array(a[~a.mask])
array([3, 4, 6, 7, 8])
>>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
[slice(3, 5, None), slice(6, 9, None)]
>>> a[:] = np.ma.masked
>>> np.ma.flatnotmasked_contiguous(a)
[]
r0 )
r; rA r r itertoolsgroupbyr r rO r )r` rX r r r gr s rQ r r / s X
AF{{a !! A
F#AGGII.. A QLL + MM%1q5// * * * Q MrS c z t | } | j }|dk rt d ||dk rt | S g }|dz dz }ddg}t dd ||< t | j | D ]<}|||< | t | t | =|S )a
Find contiguous unmasked data in a masked array along the given axis.
Parameters
----------
a : array_like
The input array.
axis : int, optional
Axis along which to perform the operation.
If None (default), applies to a flattened version of the array, and this
is the same as `flatnotmasked_contiguous`.
Returns
-------
endpoints : list
A list of slices (start and end indexes) of unmasked indexes
in the array.
If the input is 2d and axis is specified, the result is a list of lists.
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
clump_masked, clump_unmasked
Notes
-----
Only accepts 2-D arrays at most.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.arange(12).reshape((3, 4))
>>> mask = np.zeros_like(a)
>>> mask[1:, :-1] = 1; mask[0, 1] = 1; mask[-1, 0] = 0
>>> ma = np.ma.array(a, mask=mask)
>>> ma
masked_array(
data=[[0, --, 2, 3],
[--, --, --, 7],
[8, --, --, 11]],
mask=[[False, True, False, False],
[ True, True, True, False],
[False, True, True, False]],
fill_value=999999)
>>> np.array(ma[~ma.mask])
array([ 0, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11])
>>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma)
[slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 4, None), slice(7, 9, None), slice(11, 12, None)]
>>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma, axis=0)
[[slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 3, None)], [], [slice(0, 1, None)], [slice(0, 3, None)]]
>>> np.ma.notmasked_contiguous(ma, axis=1)
[[slice(0, 1, None), slice(2, 4, None)], [slice(3, 4, None)], [slice(0, 1, None), slice(3, 4, None)]]
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Finds the clumps (groups of data with the same values) for a 1D bool array.
Returns a series of slices.
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Return list of slices corresponding to the unmasked clumps of a 1-D array.
(A "clump" is defined as a contiguous region of the array).
Parameters
----------
a : ndarray
A one-dimensional masked array.
Returns
-------
slices : list of slice
The list of slices, one for each continuous region of unmasked
elements in `a`.
Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
notmasked_contiguous, clump_masked
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.masked_array(np.arange(10))
>>> a[[0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9]] = np.ma.masked
>>> np.ma.clump_unmasked(a)
[slice(3, 6, None), slice(7, 8, None)]
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Returns a list of slices corresponding to the masked clumps of a 1-D array.
(A "clump" is defined as a contiguous region of the array).
Parameters
----------
a : ndarray
A one-dimensional masked array.
Returns
-------
slices : list of slice
The list of slices, one for each continuous region of masked elements
in `a`.
Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.4.0
See Also
--------
flatnotmasked_edges, flatnotmasked_contiguous, notmasked_edges
notmasked_contiguous, clump_unmasked
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.ma.masked_array(np.arange(10))
>>> a[[0, 1, 2, 6, 8, 9]] = np.ma.masked
>>> np.ma.clump_masked(a)
[slice(0, 3, None), slice(6, 7, None), slice(8, 10, None)]
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Masked values in the input array result in rows of zeros.
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