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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.42) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "BIO 7" .TH BIO 7 "2026-04-16" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" bio \- Basic I/O abstraction .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" .Vb 1 \& #include <openssl/bio.h> .Ve .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" A \s-1BIO\s0 is an I/O abstraction, it hides many of the underlying I/O details from an application. If an application uses a \s-1BIO\s0 for its I/O it can transparently handle \s-1SSL\s0 connections, unencrypted network connections and file I/O. .PP There are two type of \s-1BIO,\s0 a source/sink \s-1BIO\s0 and a filter \s-1BIO.\s0 .PP As its name implies a source/sink \s-1BIO\s0 is a source and/or sink of data, examples include a socket \s-1BIO\s0 and a file \s-1BIO.\s0 .PP A filter \s-1BIO\s0 takes data from one \s-1BIO\s0 and passes it through to another, or the application. The data may be left unmodified (for example a message digest \s-1BIO\s0) or translated (for example an encryption \s-1BIO\s0). The effect of a filter \s-1BIO\s0 may change according to the I/O operation it is performing: for example an encryption \&\s-1BIO\s0 will encrypt data if it is being written to and decrypt data if it is being read from. .PP BIOs can be joined together to form a chain (a single \s-1BIO\s0 is a chain with one component). A chain normally consist of one source/sink \&\s-1BIO\s0 and one or more filter BIOs. Data read from or written to the first \s-1BIO\s0 then traverses the chain to the end (normally a source/sink \&\s-1BIO\s0). .PP Some BIOs (such as memory BIOs) can be used immediately after calling \&\fBBIO_new()\fR. Others (such as file BIOs) need some additional initialization, and frequently a utility function exists to create and initialize such BIOs. .PP If \fBBIO_free()\fR is called on a \s-1BIO\s0 chain it will only free one \s-1BIO\s0 resulting in a memory leak. .PP Calling \fBBIO_free_all()\fR on a single \s-1BIO\s0 has the same effect as calling \&\fBBIO_free()\fR on it other than the discarded return value. .PP Normally the \fBtype\fR argument is supplied by a function which returns a pointer to a \s-1BIO_METHOD.\s0 There is a naming convention for such functions: a source/sink \s-1BIO\s0 is normally called BIO_s_*() and a filter \s-1BIO\s0 BIO_f_*(); .SH "EXAMPLES" .IX Header "EXAMPLES" Create a memory \s-1BIO:\s0 .PP .Vb 1 \& BIO *mem = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem()); .Ve .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBBIO_ctrl\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_base64\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_buffer\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_cipher\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_md\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_f_null\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_f_ssl\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_find_type\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_new\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_new_bio_pair\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_push\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_read_ex\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_accept\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_bio\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_connect\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_fd\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_file\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_mem\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_s_null\fR\|(3), \fBBIO_s_socket\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_set_callback\fR\|(3), \&\fBBIO_should_retry\fR\|(3) .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright 2000\-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved. .PP Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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