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.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.14 (Pod::Simple 3.42) .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. \*(C+ will .\" give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to do unbreakable dashes and .\" therefore won't be available. \*(C` and \*(C' expand to `' in nroff, .\" nothing in troff, for use with C<>. .tr \(*W- .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' .ie n \{\ . ds -- \(*W- . ds PI pi . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-12u'-\" diablo 10 pitch . if (\n(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) .ds -- \(*W\h'-12u'\(*W\h'-8u'-\" diablo 12 pitch . ds L" "" . ds R" "" . ds C` "" . ds C' "" 'br\} .el\{\ . ds -- \|\(em\| . ds PI \(*p . ds L" `` . ds R" '' . ds C` . ds C' 'br\} .\" .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq .el .ds Aq ' .\" .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. .\" .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. .de IX .. .nr rF 0 .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ . if \nF \{\ . de IX . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" .. . if !\nF==2 \{\ . nr % 0 . nr F 2 . \} . \} .\} .rr rF .\" .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds #H 0 . ds #V .8m . ds #F .3m . ds #[ \f1 . ds #] \fP .\} .if t \{\ . ds #H ((1u-(\\\\n(.fu%2u))*.13m) . ds #V .6m . ds #F 0 . ds #[ \& . ds #] \& .\} . \" simple accents for nroff and troff .if n \{\ . ds ' \& . ds ` \& . ds ^ \& . ds , \& . ds ~ ~ . ds / .\} .if t \{\ . ds ' \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\'\h"|\\n:u" . ds ` \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\`\h'|\\n:u' . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' . ds / \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H)'\z\(sl\h'|\\n:u' .\} . \" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' .ds 8 \h'\*(#H'\(*b\h'-\*(#H' .ds o \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu+\w'\(de'u-\*(#H)/2u'\v'-.3n'\*(#[\z\(de\v'.3n'\h'|\\n:u'\*(#] .ds d- \h'\*(#H'\(pd\h'-\w'~'u'\v'-.25m'\f2\(hy\fP\v'.25m'\h'-\*(#H' .ds D- D\\k:\h'-\w'D'u'\v'-.11m'\z\(hy\v'.11m'\h'|\\n:u' .ds th \*(#[\v'.3m'\s+1I\s-1\v'-.3m'\h'-(\w'I'u*2/3)'\s-1o\s+1\*(#] .ds Th \*(#[\s+2I\s-2\h'-\w'I'u*3/5'\v'-.3m'o\v'.3m'\*(#] .ds ae a\h'-(\w'a'u*4/10)'e .ds Ae A\h'-(\w'A'u*4/10)'E . \" corrections for vroff .if v .ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*9/10-\*(#H)'\s-2\u~\d\s+2\h'|\\n:u' .if v .ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'\v'-.4m'^\v'.4m'\h'|\\n:u' . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ \{\ . ds : e . ds 8 ss . ds o a . ds d- d\h'-1'\(ga . ds D- D\h'-1'\(hy . ds th \o'bp' . ds Th \o'LP' . ds ae ae . ds Ae AE .\} .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C .\" ======================================================================== .\" .IX Title "PKEY 1" .TH PKEY 1 "2026-04-16" "1.1.1w" "OpenSSL" .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. .if n .ad l .nh .SH "NAME" openssl\-pkey, pkey \- public or private key processing tool .SH "SYNOPSIS" .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" \&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkey\fR [\fB\-help\fR] [\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR] [\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR] [\fB\-in filename\fR] [\fB\-passin arg\fR] [\fB\-out filename\fR] [\fB\-passout arg\fR] [\fB\-traditional\fR] [\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR] [\fB\-text\fR] [\fB\-text_pub\fR] [\fB\-noout\fR] [\fB\-pubin\fR] [\fB\-pubout\fR] [\fB\-engine id\fR] [\fB\-check\fR] [\fB\-pubcheck\fR] .SH "DESCRIPTION" .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" The \fBpkey\fR command processes public or private keys. They can be converted between various forms and their components printed out. .SH "OPTIONS" .IX Header "OPTIONS" .IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4 .IX Item "-help" Print out a usage message. .IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4 .IX Item "-inform DER|PEM" This specifies the input format \s-1DER\s0 or \s-1PEM.\s0 The default format is \s-1PEM.\s0 .IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4 .IX Item "-outform DER|PEM" This specifies the output format, the options have the same meaning and default as the \fB\-inform\fR option. .IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4 .IX Item "-in filename" This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be prompted for. .IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4 .IX Item "-passin arg" The input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). .IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4 .IX Item "-out filename" This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output if this option is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input filename. .IP "\fB\-passout password\fR" 4 .IX Item "-passout password" The output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR see \*(L"Pass Phrase Options\*(R" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1). .IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4 .IX Item "-traditional" Normally a private key is written using standard format: this is PKCS#8 form with the appropriate encryption algorithm (if any). If the \fB\-traditional\fR option is specified then the older \*(L"traditional\*(R" format is used instead. .IP "\fB\-\f(BIcipher\fB\fR" 4 .IX Item "-cipher" These options encrypt the private key with the supplied cipher. Any algorithm name accepted by \fBEVP_get_cipherbyname()\fR is acceptable such as \fBdes3\fR. .IP "\fB\-text\fR" 4 .IX Item "-text" Prints out the various public or private key components in plain text in addition to the encoded version. .IP "\fB\-text_pub\fR" 4 .IX Item "-text_pub" Print out only public key components even if a private key is being processed. .IP "\fB\-noout\fR" 4 .IX Item "-noout" Do not output the encoded version of the key. .IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pubin" By default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a public key is read instead. .IP "\fB\-pubout\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pubout" By default a private key is output: with this option a public key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is a public key. .IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4 .IX Item "-engine id" Specifying an engine (by its unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBpkey\fR to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms. .IP "\fB\-check\fR" 4 .IX Item "-check" This option checks the consistency of a key pair for both public and private components. .IP "\fB\-pubcheck\fR" 4 .IX Item "-pubcheck" This option checks the correctness of either a public key or the public component of a key pair. .SH "EXAMPLES" .IX Header "EXAMPLES" To remove the pass phrase on an \s-1RSA\s0 private key: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-out keyout.pem .Ve .PP To encrypt a private key using triple \s-1DES:\s0 .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-des3 \-out keyout.pem .Ve .PP To convert a private key from \s-1PEM\s0 to \s-1DER\s0 format: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-outform DER \-out keyout.der .Ve .PP To print out the components of a private key to standard output: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-text \-noout .Ve .PP To print out the public components of a private key to standard output: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-text_pub \-noout .Ve .PP To just output the public part of a private key: .PP .Vb 1 \& openssl pkey \-in key.pem \-pubout \-out pubkey.pem .Ve .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fBgenpkey\fR\|(1), \fBrsa\fR\|(1), \fBpkcs8\fR\|(1), \&\fBdsa\fR\|(1), \fBgenrsa\fR\|(1), \fBgendsa\fR\|(1) .SH "COPYRIGHT" .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" Copyright 2006\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved. .PP Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
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